Shokun!

Shokun! (諸君!, commonly rendered as Shokun!, meaning “Gentlemen!”) was a Japanese monthly opinion magazine published by Bungeishunju Ltd. It occupied a distinctive place in Japan’s postwar conservative media landscape, combining political commentary, historical argument, literary criticism, memoir, cultural essays, and polemics. The magazine was generally associated with the conservative and nationalist right, although its pages were not limited exclusively to writers from that camp and occasionally included interviews, questionnaires, and contributions from liberal, left-leaning, or politically unaffiliated intellectuals. The magazine was conceived during a period of growing radicalism on Japanese university campuses and increasing concern within Bungeishunju that the established media environment was too strongly oriented toward the political left. Bungeishunju president Shinpei Ikejima wanted a publication that could express conservative arguments more directly than the company’s flagship Bungeishunju magazine. Rather than altering the editorial character of the established title, he supported the creation of a smaller publication where the company could pursue arguments that it believed could not be accommodated elsewhere. The first issue was printed in May 1969 and released as the July 1969 issue. Kengo Tanaka became its first chief editor and later rose to become president and chairman of Bungeishunju. In its early decades, Shokun! became an important forum for conservative literary figures and critics. Contributors included writers and thinkers such as Tsune­ari Fukuda, Hideo Kobayashi, Michio Takeyama, Shichihei Yamamoto, Jun Eto, Kentaro Hayashi, Michitaro Tanaka, Masataka Kosaka, and Takeshi Muramatsu. The magazine was sometimes described as an editorial offshoot of Bungeishunju and developed a reputation as a conservative literary monthly comparable to Seiron, Voice, and WiLL. Its ideological counterpart in the magazine market was often identified as Ronza, associated with the more liberal Asahi Shimbun publishing sphere, or Sekai, associated with Iwanami Shoten. Shokun! also played a role in the careers and public debates of major Japanese intellectuals. Yukio Mishima dictated an essay on Yangmingism in the presence of editor Kengo Tanaka shortly before his death; the February 1971 issue was subsequently devoted to Mishima’s death. In the 1980s, Ikutaro Shimizu’s accounts of his ideological shift from the left and his advocacy of Japanese nuclear armament helped reinforce the magazine’s status among conservative readers. The publication serialized memoirs and interviews by scholars and writers, including work later issued in book form. Regular columns such as “Ladies and Gentlemen” and “Not Without Laughter” became recognizable parts of its identity. Its editorial agenda repeatedly addressed disputes over Japan’s wartime history, national identity, relations with China and the Korean Peninsula, the North Korean abduction issue, Yasukuni Shrine, history textbooks, and the political influence of Soka Gakkai and the New Komeito party. It was especially persistent in criticizing the Asahi Shimbun, whose reporting and editorial positions were treated as a principal ideological rival. The magazine hosted prominent historical controversies, including arguments concerning the Nanjing Massacre and debates involving historian Ikuhiko Hata, Shudo Higashinakagawa, and other scholars. During the 1990s it provided a major platform for Nobukatsu Fujioka’s “liberal view of history” and was involved, alongside Seiron, in the wider movement surrounding the Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform. Shokun!’s circulation was substantial for a specialist opinion monthly. Its annual average circulation exceeded 80,000 copies through August 2005 and reportedly peaked at approximately 85,000 in 2006. It subsequently weakened, reaching roughly 65,000 circulated copies in September 2008, while reported actual sales were below 40,000. The decline occurred alongside falling advertising revenue across Bungeishunju. In March 2009, the company announced that the magazine would end with its June 2009 issue, released on May 1, 2009, marking approximately four decades since its launch. The final issue was edited by Hiroto Uchida with a compact staff of roughly five to seven active editors. The magazine’s final issue promoted Seiron, but no direct successor was planned. A one-off Shokun! special issue on North Korea appeared on January 31, 2012, as a supplement to the February 2012 issue of Bungeishunju; this did not restore regular publication.

Shokun! was launched by Bungeishunju in 1969 against the backdrop of campus unrest and a perceived imbalance in Japan’s postwar media. Bungeishunju president Shinpei Ikejima believed the company’s established flagship magazine could not provide sufficient space for the conservative positions he wanted to express. He therefore supported a separate, smaller monthly publication. The first issue was printed in May 1969 and published as the July issue, with Kengo Tanaka serving as founding chief editor. The magazine quickly developed as a conservative literary and political forum. Its early contributors included influential writers and critics such as Tsuneari Fukuda, Hideo Kobayashi, Michio Takeyama, Shichihei Yamamoto, Jun Eto, Michitaro Tanaka, and Masataka Kosaka. It was often grouped with Seiron, Voice, and later WiLL as a conservative opinion magazine, while being contrasted with liberal or left-oriented titles such as Sekai and Ronza. Literary and intellectual material remained important throughout its run. The magazine published serialized memoirs by scholars, interviews with Meiji-born intellectuals, science-related columns, and recurring literary essays. Yukio Mishima contributed an essay on Yangmingism shortly before his death, and the February 1971 issue was dedicated to his death. Ikutaro Shimizu’s writing about his ideological conversion and support for Japanese nuclear armament further strengthened the magazine’s profile among conservative readers. From the 1980s onward, Shokun! became increasingly identified with arguments about national identity, Japan’s wartime history, and the conduct of neighboring states. It criticized Soka Gakkai and New Komeito over what it regarded as excessive religious influence in politics, defended visits to Yasukuni Shrine, and strongly attacked the Asahi Shimbun. The magazine also covered the North Korean abduction issue and accused parts of the progressive media of failing to address it adequately. Its pages became an important platform for the “liberal view of history” associated with Nobukatsu Fujioka and for disputes involving Japanese history textbooks and interpretations of the Nanjing Massacre. The publication’s tone and editorial methods attracted criticism. Journalist Takao Saito characterized its later style as resembling a monthly version of the anonymous internet forum 2channel, arguing that its recurring themes reflected anti-liberal and anti-East Asian sentiments. A dispute followed when Saito objected to the limited space offered for his response to criticism. Such exchanges reflected the magazine’s broader role as a polemical venue in Japan’s ideological media market. Shokun! competed most directly with Sankei Shimbun-affiliated Seiron. The two magazines divided much of the readership for conservative monthly commentary, and their circulation rankings were considered comparable by the latter half of the 1990s. Shokun!’s average circulation exceeded 80,000 through 2005 and reportedly reached about 85,000 in 2006, but declined to around 65,000 circulated copies by September 2008, with actual sales below 40,000. In March 2009, Bungeishunju announced the end of regular publication. The June 2009 issue, released on May 1, served as the final issue and was produced under chief editor Hiroto Uchida by a small editorial team. The decision formed part of a wider business overhaul amid falling advertising revenue. In 2012, the title was revived only once as a North Korea-themed supplement to Bungeishunju. No continuing successor magazine was established.

• 2012

  One-off revival

  [1]Shokun!en.wikipedia.org

  A North Korea-themed Shokun! special issue was published as a supplement to Bungeishunju.

• 2009

  Regular publication ends

  [1]Shokun!en.wikipedia.org

  The June 2009 issue became the final regular issue.

• 2006

  Reported circulation peak

  [1]Shokun!en.wikipedia.org

  The magazine’s circulation reportedly reached approximately 85,000 copies.

• 1996

  Role in the history-textbook movement

  [1]Shokun!en.wikipedia.org

  Shokun! became involved with the Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform and helped provide a platform for revisionist or “liberal” historical arguments.

• 1980

  Launch of a long-running opening column

  [1]Shokun!en.wikipedia.org

  The recurring opening column “Ladies and Gentlemen” began with the January issue.

• 1971

  Mishima memorial issue

  [1]Shokun!en.wikipedia.org

  The February issue focused on Yukio Mishima’s death and included material connected with his final intellectual work.

• 1969

  Launch of Shokun!

  [1]Shokun!en.wikipedia.org

  The first issue was printed in May and released as the July 1969 issue by Bungeishunju.

Conservative political and cultural commentary with a strong focus on nationalism, historical interpretation, media criticism, and criticism of perceived progressive intellectual and political institutions.

• Opinion magazine · 1969

  Shokun! monthly magazine

  The core product was a monthly Japanese-language print magazine combining conservative political analysis, historical debate, literary criticism, memoir, interviews, cultural commentary, and polemics. Its regular editorial subjects included Japanese national identity, wartime history, relations with China and the Korean Peninsula, North Korean abductions, Yasukuni Shrine, Soka Gakkai and New Komeito, and criticism of the Asahi Shimbun.

• Special issue supplement · 2012

  Shokun! North Korea special issue

  A one-off special issue focused on North Korea was published in January 2012 after the regular magazine had ended. It appeared as a supplementary publication connected with the February 2012 issue of Bungeishunju rather than as a restart of the monthly title.

• 2009

  Decision to discontinue the magazineStrategy

  Background

  Circulation and actual sales had declined from their mid-2000s levels, while Bungeishunju was also experiencing weaker advertising revenue.

  Action taken

  Bungeishunju announced that Shokun! would end with the June 2009 issue as part of a broader business reorganization.

  Aftermath

  The title did not receive a regular successor, although it returned once in 2012 as a North Korea-themed supplement.

  • Seiron — The final issue carried advertising recommending the competing conservative magazine Seiron.

  Source

1. 1Shokun!en.wikipedia.org
2. 2Bungeishunju Shokun! official pagebunshun.co.jp