OneSpace
Chinese private space-launch company focused on small launch vehicles and commercial space services.
Last updated October 9, 2026
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Overview
OneSpace, also known as One Space Technology Group, is a Chinese private aerospace company established in 2015. The company operates in the commercial launch sector, with a focus on developing relatively small rockets for microsatellites, nanosatellites, technology demonstrations, and other payloads. Its emergence followed the Chinese government's late-2014 policy shift that opened portions of the launch and small-satellite market to private capital and encouraged the development of a domestic commercial space industry. The company is headquartered in Beijing and has an engineering, manufacturing, and assembly presence in Chongqing, with additional subsidiaries or facilities in Shenzhen and Xi'an. Rocket-engine testing activities have been associated with sites in Jiangxi and Shanxi provinces. This distributed structure reflects the capital-intensive and geographically specialized nature of launch-vehicle development: design and corporate functions are concentrated in Beijing, while production, integration, propulsion testing, and regional industrial partnerships are conducted elsewhere in China. OneSpace's best-known development families are the OS-X suborbital sounding rockets and the OS-M orbital launch vehicles. The OS-X series is intended for high-altitude research, flight testing, and validation of launch technologies rather than routine delivery of payloads into orbit. The OS-X0, also known as the Chongqing Liangjiang Star, completed a suborbital flight in May 2018 and reached approximately 40 kilometres. A related OS-X1 vehicle flew from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in September 2018, reaching about 35 kilometres. The OS-X6B, a larger suborbital vehicle designed for higher-altitude missions, conducted a reported successful flight in February 2021. The OS-M family was conceived as a light orbital launcher using solid-propellant stages. Proposed configurations were intended to carry payloads ranging from roughly the low hundreds of kilograms into low Earth orbit to smaller payloads into sun-synchronous orbit. The first orbital attempt, conducted on 27 March 2019 with the OS-M1, carried the Lingque-1B technology-verification satellite. The mission failed after the first-stage separation when the vehicle developed an attitude-control problem. A preliminary explanation identified a rate-gyroscope malfunction. OneSpace subsequently indicated that it would use the failure to improve the vehicle and its systems. OneSpace became one of the most visible early participants in China's private launch market because it was credited with launching the country's first private rocket in 2018. The company has competed in a crowded domestic field that includes LandSpace, i-Space, Galactic Energy, ExPace, LinkSpace, Deep Blue Aerospace, and Space Pioneer. Its publicly described ambitions have included lower-cost launch services, larger OS-M configurations with additional boosters, partially reusable future vehicles, and eventually a crewed-spacecraft capability. The availability and maturity of these later concepts have not been consistently documented in public sources. OneSpace's current operating status, commercial launch cadence, and present product portfolio therefore require further verification.
History
OneSpace was founded in China in 2015 during the early expansion of the country's private commercial-space sector. The company's creation followed a policy change in late 2014 that permitted private participation in areas of space launch and small-satellite development that had previously been dominated by state-owned organizations. OneSpace became part of a growing group of private Chinese launch ventures seeking to serve the emerging market for small satellites and technology demonstrations. The company's development program initially concentrated on suborbital vehicles. These rockets provided a comparatively accessible way to test structures, propulsion, guidance, flight-control systems, manufacturing processes, and launch operations before attempting orbital missions. The OS-X0, also known as the Chongqing Liangjiang Star, was a roughly nine-metre solid-propellant sounding rocket. Its May 2018 flight reached about 40 kilometres and was described as one of the first private rocket launches in China. The mission was supported by China's state-owned Aviation Industry Corporation of China, according to reference material. OneSpace followed with the OS-X1, another approximately nine-metre suborbital vehicle. Its solid rocket motor had been tested in 2017, and the vehicle launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 7 September 2018. The flight reached roughly 35 kilometres and travelled approximately 169 kilometres. These missions helped establish OneSpace's public identity as an early private Chinese launch company and provided flight experience for the development of more ambitious vehicles. The company also pursued orbital launchers under the OS-M designation. The proposed OS-M was a four-stage solid-propellant light launch vehicle intended to place small payloads into low Earth orbit and sun-synchronous orbit. During 2018, OneSpace reported or completed a series of development tests involving first-stage propulsion, stage separation, upper-stage engine systems, attitude-control hardware, environmental testing, and hot-fire testing. Planned variants included vehicles with two or four boosters, offering progressively greater payload capacity. On 27 March 2019, OneSpace attempted the first orbital flight of the OS-M1, also referred to in some descriptions as the Chongqing Liangjiang Star or related designations. The rocket carried the Lingque-1B technology-verification satellite and launched from Jiuquan. The mission failed when the vehicle became unstable after first-stage separation. A preliminary investigation identified a rate-gyroscope malfunction as the likely cause. The company stated that it would analyze the failure and improve the rocket's performance and control systems. The event illustrated the technical difficulty of moving from suborbital testing to reliable orbital operations. Alongside the OS-M program, OneSpace continued to describe larger and more capable launch concepts. Proposed configurations included two-booster and four-booster variants, future vehicles with some degree of reusability, a rocket with a payload capability discussed at approximately 500 kilograms to low Earth orbit, and a possible crewed capsule in the longer term. These plans were part of the company's publicly presented development vision, but the reference material does not establish that all of them entered operational service. OneSpace's corporate and industrial footprint expanded beyond Beijing. The company maintained headquarters and research activities in Beijing, while Chongqing was associated with research, manufacturing, and assembly. Subsidiaries or related operations were identified in Shenzhen and Xi'an, and propulsion-testing facilities were associated with Jiangxi and Shanxi. The company raised private financing, including a 2018 Series B round described in public reference material as worth approximately US$43.6 million. The same material stated that cumulative financing since the company's founding had reached approximately US$116 million by that point. These figures are historical financing disclosures rather than measures of current revenue or valuation. OneSpace operates in a competitive Chinese market that includes i-Space, LandSpace, Galactic Energy, ExPace, LinkSpace, Deep Blue Aerospace, and Space Pioneer. Public information about the company's subsequent launch activity, commercial contracts, current leadership, and present status is limited in the supplied references. Accordingly, its current operating condition and the status of several announced future programs remain subjects for review.
- 2021
OS-X6B flight
[1]The OS-X6B conducted a reported successful suborbital maiden flight.
- 2019
OS-M1 orbital launch failure
[1]The first OS-M1 orbital mission failed after a post-separation attitude-control problem.
- 2018
First private Chinese rocket launch
[1]OneSpace's OS-X0 completed a suborbital flight, reaching approximately 40 kilometres.
- 2018
OS-X1 flight
[1]The OS-X1 launched from Jiuquan and reached approximately 35 kilometres.
- 2018
Series B financing
[1]OneSpace secured a reported US$43.6 million financing round led by CICC Jiatai Equity Fund.
- 2017
OS-X1 solid motor test
[1]The solid rocket motor for the OS-X1 suborbital vehicle underwent a successful test.
- 2015
Company founded
[1]OneSpace was established in China as a private commercial-space and launch-vehicle developer.
Products and positioning
A Chinese private commercial-space venture targeting the small-launch and technology-demonstration markets, with an emphasis on domestically developed solid-propellant rockets and lower-cost access to space.
Suborbital sounding rockets · 2018
OS-X series
The OS-X family comprises solid-propellant suborbital rockets designed for high-altitude research, launch-system development, and flight testing. The series includes the approximately nine-metre OS-X0 and OS-X1 and the larger OS-X6B. These vehicles are intended to reach high altitude or the edge of space without placing payloads into orbit, allowing OneSpace to validate propulsion, structures, avionics, guidance, and launch operations.
Suborbital sounding rocket · 2018
OS-X0
The OS-X0, also called the Chongqing Liangjiang Star, is a solid-propellant suborbital rocket approximately nine metres long. Its May 2018 flight reached about 40 kilometres. The vehicle was presented as being based entirely on domestically developed Chinese technology and served as a major demonstration of OneSpace's private launch capability.
Suborbital sounding rocket · 2018
OS-X1
The OS-X1 is a solid-propellant research and test rocket approximately nine metres long. It launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in September 2018, reaching an altitude of about 35 kilometres and travelling approximately 169 kilometres. Its development formed part of OneSpace's effort to gain flight experience before pursuing orbital missions.
Suborbital sounding rocket · 2021
OS-X6B
The OS-X6B is a larger suborbital high-altitude rocket, approximately 9.4 metres long, designed to carry payloads toward altitudes of up to roughly 300 kilometres with an estimated flight duration of about ten minutes. Its maiden flight took place in February 2021 and was reported as successful.
Orbital small-lift launch vehicles
OS-M series
The OS-M family was conceived as a group of solid-propellant orbital launch vehicles for microsatellites, nanosatellites, and other small payloads. Proposed configurations were intended to serve low Earth orbit and sun-synchronous orbit, with additional boosters increasing payload capacity. Publicly described versions included OS-M1, OS-M2, and OS-M4, although the supplied material does not establish which variants reached operational service.
Orbital small-lift launch vehicle · 2019
OS-M1
The OS-M1 was a four-stage solid-fuel orbital rocket approximately 19 metres long, with a reported mass of about 21 tonnes. It was designed to carry a small payload to low Earth orbit or sun-synchronous orbit. Its first orbital mission, carrying the Lingque-1B technology-verification satellite, failed in March 2019 after the vehicle developed instability following first-stage separation.
Orbital small-lift launch vehicle concept
OS-M2
The OS-M2 was described as a two-booster development of the OS-M architecture. Proposed blocks were assigned payload capacities ranging from approximately 390 to 505 kilograms to low Earth orbit, with lower capacities for higher sun-synchronous orbits. The reference material does not confirm operational deployment.
Orbital small-lift launch vehicle concept
OS-M4
The OS-M4 was described as a four-booster configuration intended to increase payload capacity beyond the smaller OS-M variants. Proposed capacities ranged from approximately 552 to 748 kilograms to low Earth orbit, depending on the block configuration. Its operational status is not established in the supplied references.
Controversies
Brand decisions
2019
Post-failure optimization of OS-M1OtherBackground
The OS-M1 developed an attitude-control problem after first-stage separation during its first orbital mission.
Action taken
OneSpace said it would investigate the failure and improve the rocket's performance and systems, while a preliminary investigation pointed to a rate-gyroscope malfunction.
Aftermath
The supplied material does not document a subsequent successful orbital flight of the OS-M1.
2018
Expansion into orbital small-lift launchStrategyBackground
After developing suborbital test vehicles, OneSpace pursued the OS-M family to address the market for low-cost launches of small satellites into low Earth and sun-synchronous orbits.
Action taken
The company conducted propulsion, stage-separation, attitude-control, environmental, and hot-fire tests for the proposed OS-M vehicle.
Aftermath
The program culminated in the OS-M1's first orbital attempt in March 2019, which was unsuccessful.
Recent events
- 2021
OS-X6B completes reported suborbital flight[1]
Product launch · Product generation
The OS-X6B suborbital vehicle conducted a reported successful maiden flight, supporting OneSpace's continuing work on high-altitude test and sounding-rocket systems.
- 2019
OS-M1 orbital launch attempt fails[1]
Product launch · Other
The OS-M1 failed during its first orbital mission after the vehicle became unstable following first-stage separation. A preliminary investigation attributed the failure to a malfunction involving the rate gyroscope.
- 2018
OneSpace conducts first suborbital flight of the OS-X0 rocket[1]
Product launch · Other
The OS-X0, also called the Chongqing Liangjiang Star, completed a suborbital flight and reached approximately 40 kilometres. The mission was associated with OneSpace's effort to validate a domestically developed private launch vehicle.
- 2018
OS-X1 launches from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center[1]
Product launch · Other
A related OS-X1 sounding rocket flew from Jiuquan in September 2018, reaching an altitude of about 35 kilometres and travelling roughly 169 kilometres.
- 2018
OneSpace announces financing round[1]
Other
OneSpace reported a Series B financing round led by CICC Jiatai Equity Fund, with participation from several other investment funds. Public reference material described the round as part of a broader financing program supporting the company's rocket-development efforts.
Sources1 sources
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