Coolpad

Corporate brand

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Chinese telecommunications and smartphone brand known for early dual-SIM mobile phones.

Last updated October 29, 2026

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Overview

Coolpad is the principal telecommunications and smartphone brand associated with Coolpad Group Limited, a company headquartered in Shenzhen and incorporated in the Cayman Islands. The group developed from Yulong Computer Telecommunication Scientific (Shenzhen), a business established in 1993 as a Sino-foreign joint venture. Its early activities centered on pagers and paging systems before it entered mobile-phone manufacturing in 2002. The company became recognized in China for combining mobile communications hardware with features that were uncommon in the domestic market at the time. In 2003, it produced a Chinese CDMA1X smartphone with a color display and handwriting input. It subsequently developed phones with two SIM slots, culminating in a 2005 handset capable of operating GSM and CDMA connections simultaneously. This dual-SIM and dual-standby capability became one of the most important associations with the Coolpad name and helped distinguish the brand in a rapidly expanding Chinese mobile-phone market. The corporate vehicle behind the business was originally named China Wireless Technologies Limited. Its shares were listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2004, and the company was renamed Coolpad Group Limited at the end of 2013. During the early 2010s, Coolpad was regarded as one of the leading Chinese mobile-phone brands, alongside Lenovo, Huawei and ZTE. Its products were distributed through mobile operators, retail channels and, increasingly, online stores. The company had a particularly important relationship with China Mobile, although it began expanding its online sales activity as a major tie-in arrangement with the carrier approached its end in 2014. Coolpad's business later became closely connected with Chinese internet and technology companies. In December 2014, it established Coolpad E-commerce as a joint venture with Qihoo 360. In 2015, founder and major shareholder Guo Deying sold shares to entities associated with Jia Yueting, the founder of LeEco, making Jia a major shareholder and later the largest shareholder according to the ownership history described in public references. Coolpad and LeEco operated as related but legally distinct businesses, and LeEco's LeMobile was also active in smartphones. Coolpad subsequently sold a majority stake in the subsidiary operating the ivvi smartphone brand to SuperD in 2016 while retaining a minority interest. The LeEco-related period was accompanied by declining market influence, falling smartphone sales and corporate-governance difficulties. Research cited in the company's historical record indicated that neither Coolpad nor LeMobile was a leading brand in China's smartphone market during 2016 or the first quarter of 2017. Trading in Coolpad shares was suspended from March 2017 while the company worked to provide information requested by its external auditor concerning the 2016 financial statements. Jia Yueting resigned as chairman and a director in November 2017 and later disposed of his remaining shares. Coolpad also explored non-handset activities, including a proposed redevelopment of its former Shenzhen headquarters into a mixed-use real-estate project. After the change in ownership and management, Coolpad sought to rebuild its handset business, including by emphasizing sales in the United States. The company has continued to be identified primarily with affordable and value-oriented smartphones, although its current product range, market position, ownership structure and leadership require verification from up-to-date corporate disclosures. Its historical importance rests on early Chinese smartphone innovation, especially dual-SIM technology, rather than on a presently dominant share of the global handset market.

History

Coolpad's corporate history began with the incorporation of Yulong Computer Telecommunication Scientific (Shenzhen) Co. in April 1993. Yulong was formed as a Sino-foreign joint venture involving Shenzhen University Culture Technology Services and the Hong Kong company Dickman Enterprises. Guo Deying, an academic associated with Shenzhen University, became Yulong's first chairman and left the university to lead the company. The business initially produced pagers and paging systems, reflecting the communications technology market of the 1990s. Ownership was consolidated during the late 1990s and early 2000s. A stake originally held by Shenzhen University was sold in 1999 to members of Guo's family, and the remaining interest held through Dickman Enterprises was acquired in 2001. This left Guo and his family in control of Yulong. The company entered mobile-phone manufacturing in 2002, establishing the technical and commercial foundation for the Coolpad brand. Coolpad's early handset development focused on network compatibility and features suited to China's fragmented mobile market. In 2003, the company produced what public historical accounts describe as China's first CDMA1X-based smartphone with a color display and handwriting input. A dual-SIM phone followed in 2004. In 2005, Coolpad introduced a handset able to operate GSM and CDMA networks simultaneously, a development widely associated with the brand's early leadership in dual-SIM technology. These products helped Coolpad build a reputation for engineering features that were not yet common among competing handset makers. To organize the business internationally, China Wireless Technologies Limited was incorporated in the Cayman Islands and became the listed holding company for Yulong. Its shares were floated on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2004. The listed group later used Coolpad as its principal consumer-facing brand and formally adopted the name Coolpad Group Limited at the end of 2013. During the early 2010s, Coolpad was one of the prominent Chinese mobile-phone brands, competing with domestic companies such as Lenovo, Huawei and ZTE as well as international brands including Samsung, Apple and Nokia. Distribution was strongly influenced by carrier relationships. Coolpad sold through China Mobile and other channels, while the approaching end of a major China Mobile tie-in arrangement encouraged the group to expand online retail in 2014. The company also attempted to combine handset manufacturing with internet-platform partnerships. In December 2014, it established Coolpad E-commerce in a joint venture with Qihoo 360. The middle of the decade brought a major ownership and strategic transition. In 2015, Guo Deying sold part of his Coolpad stake to an entity associated with Jia Yueting of LeEco. Jia became the second-largest shareholder and subsequently the largest shareholder, although the relevant holdings were held through offshore entities and the relationship between Coolpad and LeEco's mainland businesses was legally distinct. LeEco's own LeMobile brand operated in the same broad handset sector, creating both strategic links and potential overlap. Coolpad's reported performance also weakened: public accounts cited a sharp revenue decline in 2015, with weak 3G smartphone sales only partly offset by growth in 4G products and other gains. The company continued restructuring. In December 2016, it sold 80 percent of the subsidiary responsible for the ivvi smartphone brand to SuperD and kept a 20 percent stake. Market research cited in the historical record indicated that Coolpad and LeMobile were no longer among China's leading smartphone brands in 2016 or early 2017. The group also entered related-party transactions involving mobile-phone components and associated companies. Trading in Coolpad shares was suspended from March 2017 while the company addressed an auditor's request for information about its 2016 financial statements. In 2017, Coolpad explored redevelopment of its former Shenzhen headquarters, Coolpad Information Harbor, as part of a cooperation agreement with a property developer. Jia Yueting resigned as chairman and a director in November, and former chief executive Liu Jiangfeng and another non-executive director also left the board. Jia disposed of his remaining Coolpad shares in January 2018. Coolpad subsequently emphasized overseas handset sales, including the United States. Its vice-chairman and chief executive Jiang Chao appeared at the Consumer Electronics Show before being removed from the board and related positions in January 2019. The company later reported that its net loss for 2018 was lower than the loss reported for 2017, although revenue also fell. Coolpad remains principally associated with mobile devices, but its current ownership, management and operating position require confirmation from current company filings.

2017
Share trading suspension
[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
Trading in Coolpad shares is suspended while information requested by the external auditor is addressed.
2017
Jia Yueting leaves the board
[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
Jia Yueting resigns as chairman and director, followed by other board departures.
2016
Majority sale of ivvi subsidiary
[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
Coolpad sells 80 percent of the subsidiary operating ivvi to SuperD.
2015
LeEco-linked ownership transition
[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
Jia Yueting acquires a substantial Coolpad interest and becomes a major shareholder.
2014
Coolpad E-commerce joint venture
[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
Coolpad forms a 55-45 joint venture with Qihoo 360 to operate Coolpad E-commerce.
2013
China Wireless Technologies becomes Coolpad Group
[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
The listed holding company formally changes its name to Coolpad Group Limited.
2005
GSM/CDMA simultaneous dual-network handset
[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
Coolpad develops a handset capable of simultaneous operation on GSM and CDMA networks.
2004
Dual-SIM phone and Hong Kong listing
[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
The business develops a dual-SIM phone, while China Wireless Technologies lists its shares in Hong Kong.
2003
Early Chinese CDMA1X smartphone
[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
Yulong produces a CDMA1X smartphone with a color screen and handwriting input.
2002
Yulong enters mobile phones
[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
The company moves from pagers and paging systems into mobile-phone manufacturing.
1993
Yulong is incorporated in Shenzhen
[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
Yulong Computer Telecommunication Scientific (Shenzhen) Co. is established as the predecessor of the Coolpad group.

Products and positioning

Value-oriented and affordable mobile devices, with historical differentiation through dual-SIM functionality and operator partnerships.

Smartphones · 2002
Coolpad smartphones
Coolpad's principal product line comprised smartphones sold under the Coolpad name. The company developed devices for Chinese carrier channels, retail distribution and later online and overseas sales. Its range included early CDMA and 4G products and was generally associated with affordable pricing and feature-focused hardware.
Mobile phones · 2004
Dual-SIM and dual-standby phones
Dual-SIM capability became Coolpad's best-known historical product innovation. The company introduced a two-SIM handset in the mid-2000s and later produced a device that could use GSM and CDMA networks simultaneously. These products addressed customers who needed multiple numbers, carriers or network standards in one handset.
Consumer electronics
Coolpad tablets and smart hardware
Public descriptions of the brand include tablets and other smart-hardware products alongside its core mobile-phone business. The available reference material does not identify a complete current catalogue or specific models, so the scope and present status of these lines should be verified through current product disclosures.
Smartphone sub-brand
ivvi
ivvi was operated through Shenzhen Coolpad Mobile Technology, a Coolpad subsidiary. In 2016, Coolpad sold 80 percent of that subsidiary to SuperD and retained a 20 percent interest, reducing its direct control of the sub-brand.

Controversies

2021
KPN files patent lawsuits against six companies
In January 2021, KPN filed six lawsuits alleging patent infringement against Xiaomi, Coolpad, BLU Products, Bullitt Group, Acer and u-blox. According to the source report, the suits claimed that these companies infringed at least two KPN patents. The event was reported as a set of legal actions initiated by KPN against the six named companies, with Coolpad among the defendants. No further details on the specific patents, the jurisdictions of the lawsuits, or their outcomes were provided in the source summary.
Source
2014
CoolReaper handset backdoor allegations
Palo Alto Networks announced that it had found a backdoor on many Coolpad handsets and named the software CoolReaper. The disclosure raised cybersecurity and user-privacy concerns surrounding affected devices.
Source

2018
Increase focus on United States smartphone salesStrategy
Background
Coolpad's influence in the Chinese smartphone market had declined, and the company was seeking alternative growth opportunities.
Action taken
Coolpad shifted emphasis toward selling phones in the United States.
Aftermath
The reference material does not provide sufficient detail to evaluate the long-term commercial outcome of this shift.
Source
2017
Explore headquarters redevelopmentStrategy
Background
Coolpad sought to make use of its former Shenzhen headquarters site during a period of business and ownership transition.
Action taken
The group signed a cooperation agreement with a property developer to redevelop Coolpad Information Harbor.
Aftermath
The agreement marked an expansion beyond handset manufacturing into a real-estate-related project.
Source
2016
Divest majority control of ivviM&A
Background
Coolpad was restructuring its portfolio as competition intensified in China's smartphone market.
Action taken
The group sold 80 percent of Shenzhen Coolpad Mobile Technology, which operated ivvi, to SuperD and retained 20 percent.
Aftermath
Coolpad reduced its direct control of the ivvi smartphone business while maintaining a minority interest.
Source
2015
Accept LeEco-linked investmentM&A
Background
Coolpad faced a changing smartphone market and sought closer links with internet and technology businesses.
Action taken
Founder Guo Deying sold part of his Coolpad stake to an offshore entity associated with Jia Yueting and LeEco.
Aftermath
Jia became a major shareholder and later the largest shareholder, while Coolpad and LeEco's handset businesses operated in related but distinct corporate structures.
Source
2014
Expand online distributionStrategy
Background
A major tie-in sales arrangement with China Mobile was approaching termination, increasing the importance of alternative channels.
Action taken
Coolpad began selling products through online stores and also formed an e-commerce joint venture with Qihoo 360.
Aftermath
The move broadened the group's distribution strategy, although later market research showed that Coolpad's domestic smartphone position weakened.
Source

Recent events

2019
Coolpad reports a reduced annual loss for 2018[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
Other
The company reported that its 2018 net loss had narrowed compared with the 2017 result, while revenue also declined.
2017
Coolpad shares suspended during review of 2016 financial statements[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
Regulation · Other
Trading in Coolpad shares was suspended from March 31, 2017, while the company responded to an external auditor's request for additional information concerning its 2016 accounts.
2017
Jia Yueting resigns from Coolpad leadership[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
Leadership change
Jia Yueting resigned as chairman and a board member in November, followed by the departure of two other non-executive directors, including former chief executive Liu Jiangfeng.
2017
Coolpad proposes redevelopment of its former Shenzhen headquarters[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
Other
The group entered a cooperation agreement with a Chinese developer to redevelop its former headquarters site, Coolpad Information Harbor.
2016
Coolpad sells a majority stake in the ivvi smartphone subsidiary[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
M&A
Coolpad sold 80 percent of Shenzhen Coolpad Mobile Technology, the subsidiary operating the ivvi brand, to SuperD and retained a 20 percent interest.
2015
Jia Yueting becomes a major Coolpad shareholder[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
M&A · Leadership change
Jia Yueting acquired a substantial interest through an overseas holding structure and later became Coolpad's largest shareholder according to the company's reported ownership history.
2014
Coolpad establishes an e-commerce joint venture with Qihoo 360[1]Coolpad - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
M&A
Coolpad formed Coolpad E-commerce with Qihoo 360, reflecting a move toward internet-oriented distribution and services.

Sources18 sources

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