Clarks
A British footwear manufacturer and retailer known for comfort-led design, Desert Boots, Wallabees and children’s school shoes.
Last updated October 17, 2026
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Overview
Clarks is a British footwear brand and retailer whose origins lie in Street, Somerset, where Cyrus Clark began making sheepskin rugs in 1825. His brother James later used rug-making offcuts to produce slippers, establishing the C. & J. Clark partnership in 1833. The business expanded from a local Quaker enterprise into an international footwear company, combining manufacturing, wholesale distribution, retailing and product innovation. The company’s early development was marked by practical experimentation. It traded internationally from the nineteenth century, supplied markets including Ireland, Canada and Australia, and won recognition at the 1851 Great Exhibition for a gutta-percha galosh. After financial difficulties brought the business close to bankruptcy in 1863, William Stephens Clark assumed leadership and introduced stronger financial controls and mechanized production. The company also developed extensive social infrastructure in Street, including education, housing, recreation and public facilities, reflecting the Clark family’s Quaker principles. During the twentieth century Clarks broadened its design and retail capabilities. It established a London office in 1908 to track fashion, introduced the Tor and Wessex ranges, began national advertising in the 1930s and entered formal retailing through the acquisition of the Abbotts shop chain in 1937. Research into children’s feet led to a multiple-width fitting system and the Clarks foot gauge, launched with children’s footwear ranges in 1945. This helped make accurate fitting a central part of the brand’s reputation. Post-war expansion increased Clarks’ British market share and created a large domestic factory network. The company also developed overseas manufacturing arrangements and acquired fashion footwear brands including Ravel, Pinet and Mondaine, as well as K Shoes. From the late 1970s onward, however, factory closures and structural change reflected increasing international competition and the shift toward a branded wholesaling and retail model. A proposed public-market transaction involving Berisford International was rejected by shareholders in 1993, after which the business moved away from direct family management toward professional executives. From the 1990s Clarks modernized its retail format, international organization, information systems and distribution. The 1997 “Act Your Shoe Size Not Your Age” campaign refreshed the brand, while manufacturing progressively moved outside the United Kingdom. The last Clarks UK factory stopped production in 2005, and the final K Shoes factory followed in 2006. Clarks continued to design and sell footwear globally through owned stores, franchises, wholesale partners, third-party distribution and digital commerce. Its most recognizable products became the Desert Boot and Wallabee, alongside school shoes, casual shoes, boots and contemporary sneakers. The company faced severe financial pressure in 2020. It entered a company voluntary arrangement and announced a rescue investment associated with LionRock Capital. The transaction ended the Clark family’s control of the business for the first time. Viva China subsequently acquired a controlling interest in the ownership structure, and Victor Herrero became chief executive in 2021. Cost reductions and changes to employment terms generated union opposition and industrial action at the Street warehouse. Jonathan Ram became chief executive in 2022. Clarks has continued to combine heritage products with collaborations and category expansion. A partnership with footballer Raheem Sterling produced Wallabee and school-shoe lines incorporating football references and Jamaican heritage cues. In 2024, the company’s Netherlands operations entered bankruptcy proceedings as part of a restructuring arrangement. As of October 2023, the brand had approximately 320 stores in the United Kingdom and Ireland, with hundreds of franchises across the Americas, Europe and Asia-Pacific. Street remains its operational and historical center.
History
Clarks began in 1825 when Cyrus Clark established a sheepskin-rug business in Street, Somerset. His brother James joined him as an apprentice and developed slippers from short rug offcuts around 1828–1829. The brothers became equal partners in 1833, trading as C. & J. Clark. Their use of home-based outworkers allowed the slipper business to grow quickly, while overseas trade expanded into Ireland, Canada and Australia. The company gained international recognition at the 1851 Great Exhibition for a gutta-percha galosh. A combination of difficult market conditions, weak financial discipline and poor planning pushed the company close to bankruptcy in 1863. Support from the local Quaker community helped stabilize the business, while William Stephens Clark introduced repayment and management reforms. He also mechanized shoemaking and developed Clarks as a technology-oriented manufacturer. The family’s social commitments produced schools, housing, recreational facilities, a library, theatre, swimming pool and town hall in Street. In 1903 the partnership became a private limited company, enabling a new generation of the Clark family to take formal roles. American manufacturing methods were studied and John Walter Bostock was recruited in 1904. A London office opened in 1908, strengthening the company’s awareness of fashion. Clarks developed the Tor premium range and Wessex value range, began national press advertising in 1934 and entered formal retailing in 1937 through the Abbotts chain. Research based on schoolchildren’s foot measurements led to the 1945 launch of children’s footwear with four width fittings and the Clarks foot gauge. After the Second World War, Clarks expanded manufacturing across southwest and southeast England and South Wales. Its UK volume market share rose substantially between 1945 and 1970. Overseas manufacturing agreements were established in Ireland, Australia, Canada and South Africa. The company later acquired Ravel, Pinet, Mondaine and K Shoes. Factory closures began in 1978 as competition and industrial economics changed. A proposed public-market transaction involving Berisford International was rejected in 1993, and the company subsequently moved toward professional management. Tim Parker became chief executive in 1996, and the 1997 “Act Your Shoe Size Not Your Age” campaign helped refresh the brand. Under later management Clarks completed its transition from a vertically integrated manufacturer to an international branded retailer and wholesaler. Its last UK factory closed in 2005, followed by the last K Shoes factory in 2006, while production shifted largely to third-party facilities in Asia. A new distribution facility in Street opened in 2005, and the company expanded its regional organization, online business and presence in China and India during the 2010s. Financial strain culminated in the 2020 company voluntary arrangement and a rescue investment associated with LionRock Capital. Viva China gained control of the ownership structure in 2021, ending the Clark family’s historic control. Restructuring included cost reductions and employment changes that led to union criticism and warehouse strikes. Jonathan Ram became chief executive in 2022. The brand has since emphasized its heritage franchises, digital and international retail, collaborations such as the Raheem Sterling range, and its school-shoe business. Its Netherlands operations entered bankruptcy proceedings in 2024 during a restructuring arrangement, while the wider Clarks brand remained active internationally.
- 2022
Jonathan Ram becomes CEO
[1]Jonathan Ram was appointed chief executive.
- 2021
Viva China gains control
[1]Viva China acquired a controlling interest in the ownership vehicle for Clarks.
- 2020
Rescue plan and CVA
[1]Clarks entered a company voluntary arrangement and secured rescue investment associated with LionRock Capital.
- 2005
Last Clarks UK factory closed
[1]The company completed a major shift away from domestic manufacturing.
- 1997
Act Your Shoe Size Not Your Age campaign
[1]A major brand campaign helped modernize Clarks’ public image.
- 1945
Children’s fitting system launched
[1]The company introduced four width fittings and the Clarks foot gauge based on foot-measurement research.
- 1937
Entered formal retailing
[1]Clarks acquired the Abbotts chain and developed a national store network.
- 1903
Converted to a private limited company
[1]The partnership structure was replaced by a private limited company.
- 1863
Financial crisis and restructuring
[1]The company approached bankruptcy and was supported by the local Quaker community.
- 1851
Great Exhibition recognition
[1]The company won a gold medal for its gutta-percha elongated galosh.
Products and positioning
Accessible, comfort-led footwear with British heritage, functional fitting expertise and recognizable classic silhouettes.
Boots · 1950
Desert Boot
The Desert Boot is one of Clarks’ defining products. It is a simple ankle boot associated with the brand’s heritage, casual styling and crepe outsole. The silhouette became internationally prominent through fashion, music and youth-culture adoption and remains a central Clarks offering.
Casual shoes · 1968
Wallabee
The Wallabee is a moccasin-inspired casual shoe recognized for its distinctive angular construction and crepe sole. It became especially influential in North American and global streetwear and music cultures. Clarks continues to sell the style through its core and Originals ranges, including collaborative editions.
Children’s footwear · 1945
Children’s school shoes
Children’s school footwear is a major Clarks category, supported by the company’s historic emphasis on foot measurement and width fitting. The range includes formal school shoes for primary-school children, with practical construction, fit features and increasingly sport-inspired styling.
Heritage and lifestyle footwear · 1990
Clarks Originals
Clarks Originals presents heritage silhouettes, especially the Desert Boot and Wallabee, for lifestyle and fashion customers. The range supports color, material, artist and brand collaborations while retaining recognizable Clarks construction and design codes.
Controversies
2019
Ground beef products sold under Circle A, Clark's, and Southeast Protein Purveyor brands recalled over possible E. coli contamination
Pride of Florida bulk ground beef sold under the Circle A, Clark's, and Southeast Protein Purveyor brands was recalled due to possible E. coli contamination. The article reports no confirmed adverse reactions and says distributors should discard or return the product.
Marketing campaigns
- 2023Back to School with Raheem Sterling
United Kingdom
Raheem Sterling appeared in a back-to-school campaign supporting the Goal school shoe. Creative focused on familiar primary-school settings, while the product used football-themed sole and lining details.
Outcome. Connected the school-shoe category with football and family-oriented popular culture.
- 1997Act Your Shoe Size Not Your Age
United Kingdom
The campaign repositioned Clarks as a more contemporary and expressive brand while retaining its footwear expertise. It was associated with a significant refresh of the company’s retail and communications approach.
Outcome. Helped modernize the brand’s image.
Brand decisions
2021
Transfer control to Viva China ownership structureM&ABackground
LionRock’s investment vehicle owned the Clarks brand after the 2020 rescue process.
Action taken
Viva China agreed to acquire 51 percent of LionRock Capital Partners QiLe Limited for £51 million.
Aftermath
Viva China became the controlling owner of the Clarks business structure and Victor Herrero became CEO.
Acquisition consideration. £51 million (2021)
2020
Restructure through a company voluntary arrangementStrategyBackground
The company faced substantial financial pressure and required external capital and changes to its obligations.
Action taken
Clarks entered a CVA and announced a rescue investment associated with LionRock Capital.
Aftermath
The Clark family lost overall control, and the business undertook further restructuring.
Reported rescue investment. £100 million (2020)
2005
Complete the shift away from UK manufacturingStrategyBackground
Clarks faced the economics of global footwear production and had already been reducing its domestic factory base.
Action taken
The final Clarks UK factory ceased production, with manufacturing increasingly transferred to third-party factories overseas.
Aftermath
Clarks operated primarily as a branded retailer and wholesaler, while domestic manufacturing continued to contract.
Recent events
- 2024
Clarks Netherlands operations enter bankruptcy proceedings[1]
Bankruptcy · M&A
Clarks’ Netherlands operations entered bankruptcy as part of a restructuring takeover plan involving Alain Broekaert Group.
- 2024
Clarks Netherlands operation enters bankruptcy proceedings[1]
Bankruptcy · M&A
The Dutch operation entered bankruptcy proceedings during a restructuring and takeover plan involving Alain Broekaert Group.
- 2023
Clarks launches Sterling-linked Goal school shoe campaign[1]
Campaign · Product launch
Sterling featured in a back-to-school campaign for the Goal school shoe, which used football-inspired outsole details and child-focused creative.
- 2023
Clarks expands collaboration with Raheem Sterling[1]
Campaign · Product launch
The brand developed Wallabee and children's school-shoe collaborations with footballer Raheem Sterling, incorporating football-inspired design details.
- 2022
Jonathan Ram appointed chief executive[1]
Leadership change
Jonathan Ram was named chief executive and took the role in April 2022.
- 2022
Raheem Sterling collaborates with Clarks Originals[1]
Campaign · Product launch
Clarks launched collaboration footwear with footballer Raheem Sterling, including Wallabee designs referencing his Jamaican heritage.
- 2022
Jonathan Ram becomes chief executive[1]
Leadership change
Jonathan Ram was appointed chief executive after the ownership restructuring and cost-reduction period.
- 2021
Viva China agrees to acquire control of Clarks ownership vehicle[1]
M&A
Viva China agreed to acquire a controlling interest in the vehicle holding the Clarks brand.
- 2021
Street warehouse workers strike over employment changes[1]
Other
Workers at Clarks’ Street warehouse took industrial action amid disputes over dismissal and re-engagement and proposed changes to employment terms.
- 2021
Viva China agrees to acquire control of the Clarks investment vehicle[1]
M&A
Viva China agreed to acquire a controlling interest in the investment structure holding the Clarks brand.
Showing the 10 most recent.
Sources7 sources
- 1Clarks (shoe retailer)en.wikipedia.org
- 2Clarks official websiteclarks.com
- 3Ground beef products sold under Circle A, Clark's, and Southeast Protein Purveyor brands recalled over possible E. coli contaminationwptv.com
- 4Clarks announces 900 job losses in huge shake-up to shoe shopsin-cumbria.com
- 5Clarks closes all stores in Lancashire due to coronavirus outbreakblackpoolgazette.co.uk
- 6Clarks closes shoe shop in Galashielsbordertelegraph.com
- 7Massive sale launches on Clarks school shoes and sneakersdailymail.com
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