Cabinet of Egypt
Professional services
UnclaimedThe chief executive body of the Arab Republic of Egypt, composed of the prime minister and government ministers.
Last updated August 22, 2026
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Overview
The Cabinet of Egypt, formally the Council of Ministers, is the central executive institution of the Arab Republic of Egypt. It is led by the prime minister and brings together ministers responsible for the principal areas of national administration, including finance, foreign affairs, defense, interior, education, health, transport, petroleum, housing, culture, tourism, and local development. The cabinet implements state policy, manages the machinery of government, prepares legislative and administrative proposals, and coordinates the work of ministries and other executive bodies. The cabinet operates within the constitutional structure of the Egyptian republic. Articles 153 to 160 of the Constitution of Egypt set out key provisions concerning the formation and organization of the government. Members of the cabinet must take the constitutional oath before assuming office. The president appoints the prime minister, while the formation of the government is presented to the House of Representatives for approval under the applicable constitutional process. The cabinet is politically accountable to Parliament, particularly the House of Representatives. Members of Parliament may question ministers through written and oral inquiries, request information about government actions, and debate policies connected with ministerial responsibilities. The House may also pass a motion of censure that can require the government or an individual minister to resign. The cabinet has an important role in Egypt's legislative process even though it is not itself a legislative chamber. It may submit bills to Parliament, propose amendments, and participate in parliamentary discussions concerning legislation within the ministers' portfolios. Ministers attend sessions of the two houses when matters related to their responsibilities are considered. Government procedures can also be used to accelerate parliamentary consideration of certain proposals. Egyptian cabinets are generally identified by the prime minister who heads them and by the president or transitional authority under which they serve. The modern list includes cabinets formed during the presidencies of Anwar Sadat, Hosni Mubarak, Mohamed Morsi, and Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, as well as governments appointed during periods of military or interim administration. Cabinets have frequently changed through full formations, limited reshuffles, resignations, and transfers of power. The institution experienced major political pressure during the 2011 Egyptian uprising and its aftermath. Essam Sharaf's interim cabinet was sworn in on 7 March 2011 under the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces. After protests and disputes over ministerial authority, the government offered its resignation in November 2011, and Kamal Ganzouri was appointed to form a successor cabinet. That government later resigned in June 2012 after Mohamed Morsi became president. Further governments followed under the interim presidency of Adly Mansour and during the transition after the 2013 political crisis. Under President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, the cabinet was led successively by Ibrahim Mahlab, Sherif Ismail, and Mostafa Madbouly. Madbouly became prime minister in June 2018, formed a government that was sworn in on 14 June, and presented its policy statement to the House of Representatives on 3 July. Parliament approved the cabinet in a confidence vote on 25 July 2018. A second Madbouly government was formed in 2024. The cabinet remains the principal coordinating and executive body through which Egypt's national policies and public programs are administered.
History
The Cabinet of Egypt is the executive council through which the Egyptian state organizes and directs central government. It consists of the prime minister and ministers appointed to oversee the major departments of administration. Although Egypt's political system gives the presidency a central role, the cabinet is the formal body responsible for coordinating governmental work, implementing public policy, and presenting executive proposals to Parliament. The constitutional framework for the cabinet is set out principally in Articles 153 to 160 of the Egyptian Constitution. These provisions address the appointment and organization of the government, the responsibilities of the prime minister and ministers, and the oath required before members assume office. The cabinet's constitutional relationship with Parliament is especially important. It is accountable to the House of Representatives, whose members may ask ministers written or oral questions and request information about administrative decisions. Parliamentary committees and plenary sessions also review government policy and legislation. A motion of censure may compel the resignation of the cabinet, providing a formal mechanism of legislative oversight. The government can introduce bills and amendments and can seek expedited consideration of proposals through parliamentary procedures. Ministers participate in debates when legislation concerns their portfolios, linking executive administration with the legislative process. In practice, the cabinet also coordinates national programs spanning multiple ministries, such as housing, infrastructure, economic management, social services, energy, education, and public security. Cabinet histories are conventionally recorded by the name of the prime minister. During the presidency of Anwar Sadat, governments included several successive cabinets led by Mahmoud Fawzi, Aziz Sidqi, Sadat himself, Abdel Aziz Mohamed Higazi, Mamdouh Salem, and Mostafa Khalil. The period under President Hosni Mubarak included cabinets headed by Mubarak, Fuad Mohiedin, Kamal Hassan Ali, Ali Lutfi, Atef Sedki, Kamal Ganzouri, Atef Ebeid, and Ahmed Nazif. These governments reflected changes in economic policy, administration, and political priorities, as well as periodic reshuffles. The cabinet system entered a period of rapid turnover during the 2011 revolution and the subsequent transition. Ahmed Shafik headed a short-lived government early in 2011. The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces then oversaw the Essam Sharaf cabinet, which was sworn in on 7 March. Sharaf's government became associated with disputes over ministerial authority and mounting public pressure; it offered its resignation in November 2011. Kamal Ganzouri subsequently formed another transitional cabinet, which resigned in June 2012 after Mohamed Morsi's election as president. Under Morsi, Hisham Qandil headed the government from 2012 to 2013. Following the 2013 political transition, an interim administration under President Adly Mansour appointed the Hazem al-Beblawi cabinet and then governments led by Ibrahim Mahlab. Mahlab continued as prime minister under President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi through several cabinet formations in 2014 and 2015. Sherif Ismail then led the government from 2015 until 2018. Mostafa Madbouly became prime minister in June 2018 after serving as minister of housing. His first government was sworn in on 14 June and included a substantial group of new ministers and deputy ministers, while retaining several ministers from the preceding administration. It presented its policy statement to Parliament on 3 July, after which a special committee reviewed the program and recommended approval. The House of Representatives granted the government confidence on 25 July. A second Madbouly cabinet was formed in 2024 and continued the institution's role as Egypt's principal executive coordinating body.
- 2024
Second Madbouly cabinet formed
[1]A second cabinet under Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly was established.
- 2018
First Madbouly cabinet approved
[1]Mostafa Madbouly formed a new government, presented its policy statement, and received parliamentary confidence in July.
- 2015
Sherif Ismail becomes prime minister
[1]Sherif Ismail succeeded Ibrahim Mahlab and headed the cabinet until 2018.
- 2013
Interim government under Adly Mansour
[1]After the 2013 political transition, an interim administration formed the Hazem al-Beblawi cabinet.
- 2012
Hisham Qandil cabinet formed
[1]Hisham Qandil became prime minister under President Mohamed Morsi and led the Egyptian government during 2012–2013.
- 2011
Revolution and transitional cabinets
[1]The cabinet changed repeatedly during the post-revolution transition, including governments headed by Ahmed Shafik, Essam Sharaf, and Kamal Ganzouri.
- 1981
Mubarak-era governments begin
[1]Following Hosni Mubarak's accession to the presidency, Egypt entered a long period of cabinet administrations headed by successive prime ministers.
- 1970
Sadat-era cabinet succession begins
[1]A series of cabinets was formed during Anwar Sadat's presidency, beginning with governments led by Mahmoud Fawzi and later including Aziz Sidqi, Abdel Aziz Mohamed Higazi, Mamdouh Salem, and Mostafa Khalil.
Products and positioning
Egypt's central executive and inter-ministerial policy-coordination institution.
Brand decisions
2024
Formation of the second Madbouly cabinetOtherBackground
The Egyptian presidency formed a new government while retaining Mostafa Madbouly as prime minister.
Action taken
A second Madbouly cabinet was established.
2018
Formation and parliamentary approval of the first Madbouly cabinetOtherBackground
Mostafa Madbouly was selected to replace Sherif Ismail and reorganize the government.
Action taken
The government was sworn in on 14 June 2018, issued a policy statement, and submitted it to the House of Representatives for review.
Aftermath
The House of Representatives approved the cabinet in a confidence vote on 25 July 2018.
2011
Formation of the Essam Sharaf cabinetOtherBackground
The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces appointed an interim government during the political transition following the 2011 uprising.
Action taken
Essam Sharaf's cabinet was sworn in on 7 March 2011.
Aftermath
The government faced renewed protests and later offered its collective resignation in November 2011.
2011
Formation of the second Ganzouri cabinetOtherBackground
Military authorities sought a replacement for the Sharaf government during continuing political unrest.
Action taken
Kamal Ganzouri was appointed to form a new government in November 2011.
Aftermath
The cabinet remained in office until June 2012, when it resigned after Mohamed Morsi became president.
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