Altran Praxis

Altran Praxis was a British software engineering and technology consulting business specializing in critical systems and high-integrity software. Its organizational roots lay in Praxis Systems, founded in Bath in 1983 by Martyn Thomas and David Bean. The company developed engineering methods and software for environments in which reliability, traceability and demonstrable correctness were essential, including aerospace, defence, rail, telecommunications and air-traffic management. Praxis developed a reputation for applying formal methods to software and systems engineering. Its work included the use of Z notation, a formal specification technique, and the SPARK toolset, which supported the development and analysis of high-integrity software derived from the Ada programming language. The business also worked on ELLA, an electronic hardware description language used in the design and verification of very-large-scale integrated circuits. Its early work included a Unix subsystem for ICL's VME mainframe operating system, while later projects included enhancements for the United Kingdom's National Air Traffic Services. The original Praxis organization changed ownership and structure several times. It became a public limited company in 1985 and adopted a group structure in 1987. After a period of substantial employee ownership and profit sharing, it obtained venture capital in 1988. Deloitte Consulting, then known as Touche Ross, acquired Praxis on 27 November 1992. The critical-systems business was subsequently acquired by the Altran Group in 1997, while Deloitte retained the commercial and industrial systems activities. In 2004, Praxis Critical Systems merged with HIS Consulting to create Praxis High Integrity Systems. In January 2010, Altran combined that business with SC2 to form Altran Praxis. The organization later operated alongside or under related Altran brands including Altran Xype and Altran Technologies, before being rebranded as Altran UK or incorporated into Altran's broader high-tech engineering consultancy operations. The standalone Altran Praxis brand is therefore best understood as a historical specialist division rather than an active independent company.

Altran Praxis emerged from Praxis Systems, a Bath-based software engineering company established by Martyn Thomas and David Bean in 1983. The company was incorporated on 1 June 1983 and commenced business the following month. It initially presented itself as a software engineering organization and later developed a staff-oriented ownership culture, including a profit-sharing scheme. Praxis became a public limited company in 1985, created a group structure in 1987 and obtained venture capital in 1988 to support expansion, acquisitions and working capital. Praxis's early technical work included the development of VNS, a Unix subsystem embedded in ICL's VME mainframe operating system. ICL subsequently developed related technology into VME/X and OpenVME versions. During the late 1980s and 1990s, Praxis also commercialized and supported ELLA, an electronic hardware description language used in the design, verification and management of very-large-scale integrated circuits. A central characteristic of the business was its use of formal methods and rigorous assurance techniques. Praxis applied Z notation to formal specification and worked on projects such as an enhancement for the United Kingdom's National Air Traffic Services. The company also became closely associated with SPARK, a programming language and toolset based on Ada and intended for high-integrity software. Praxis acquired the developers of SPARK, Program Validation Limited, in 1994. This acquisition strengthened its capabilities in static analysis, formal reasoning and the development of software for safety-critical and regulated environments. On 27 November 1992, Praxis was acquired by Deloitte Consulting, then operating under the Touche Ross name. The business continued to use the Praxis name, although Deloitte retained different parts of the original organization. In 1997, Altran acquired the critical-systems division, while Deloitte retained the commercial and industrial systems division. The Praxis name was subsequently associated primarily with the high-integrity and critical-systems activities that joined Altran. Praxis Critical Systems merged with HIS Consulting in 2004 to form Praxis High Integrity Systems. In January 2010, Altran combined that organization with SC2, producing Altran Praxis. The business operated from its historic base in SouthGate, Bath, near Bath Spa railway station, and had offices or related operations in London, Loughborough, Paris, Sophia Antipolis and Bangalore. The organization later became part of Altran's wider operating structure and was rebranded under Altran-related names, including Altran UK, Altran Xype and Altran Technologies. The specialist capability continued within Altran's high-tech engineering consultancy activities, but Altran Praxis no longer appears to operate as a separate standalone brand. Its historical importance rests on the combination of formal software engineering, safety-critical systems expertise and contributions to the SPARK ecosystem.

• 2012

  SPARK Pro 11 released

  [1]Altran Praxisen.wikipedia.org

  AdaCore and Altran Praxis released version 11 of SPARK Pro.

• 2010

  Altran Praxis created

  [1]Altran Praxisen.wikipedia.org

  Altran merged Praxis High Integrity Systems with SC2 in January to form Altran Praxis.

• 2004

  Praxis High Integrity Systems formed

  [1]Altran Praxisen.wikipedia.org

  Praxis Critical Systems and HIS Consulting merged into Praxis High Integrity Systems.

• 1997

  Critical-systems division joins Altran

  [1]Altran Praxisen.wikipedia.org

  Altran acquired Praxis's critical-systems division.

• 1994

  Program Validation Limited acquired

  [1]Altran Praxisen.wikipedia.org

  Praxis acquired the developers of the SPARK toolset, strengthening its high-integrity software capabilities.

• 1992

  Acquired by Deloitte Consulting

  [1]Altran Praxisen.wikipedia.org

  Deloitte Consulting, then known as Touche Ross, acquired Praxis on 27 November.

• 1988

  Venture capital financing

  [1]Altran Praxisen.wikipedia.org

  Praxis obtained venture capital to fund acquisitions and continued growth.

• 1985

  Praxis becomes a plc

  [1]Altran Praxisen.wikipedia.org

  Praxis Systems became Praxis Systems plc.

• 1983

  Praxis Systems founded

  [1]Altran Praxisen.wikipedia.org

  Martyn Thomas and David Bean founded Praxis Systems as a British software engineering company.

Specialist high-assurance software and systems engineering for safety-critical, regulated and mission-critical sectors.

• High-integrity programming language and verification toolset

  SPARK

  SPARK is a programming language and supporting toolchain derived from the Ada ecosystem. It is designed to make important properties of software explicit and amenable to analysis, including through contracts, static analysis and formal verification. The technology became strongly associated with Praxis's high-integrity engineering practice and was intended for embedded, safety-critical and regulated systems where developers must provide evidence that software behaves as specified.

• Electronic hardware description language

  ELLA

  ELLA was an electronic hardware description language used to describe, verify and manage very-large-scale integration circuit designs. Praxis commercialized and supported the technology during the late 1980s and 1990s, extending its engineering portfolio beyond application software into hardware-oriented design and verification.

• Formal specification and systems engineering

  Z notation services

  Praxis used Z notation and related formal methods to specify and reason about system behaviour. These services formed part of the company's broader consulting and engineering offering for critical systems, including work connected with UK air-traffic management. The offering was not a conventional packaged software product but a specialist engineering capability.

• 2010

  SC2 combined with Praxis High Integrity SystemsM&A

  Background

  Altran sought to combine complementary critical-systems and engineering capabilities.

  Action taken

  Altran merged SC2 with Praxis High Integrity Systems in January 2010, creating Altran Praxis.

  Aftermath

  The new organization operated as Altran's specialist critical-systems and high-integrity software business before later rebranding into the wider Altran structure.

  Source

• 2004

  Praxis Critical Systems merges with HIS ConsultingM&A

  Background

  Altran consolidated related high-integrity engineering capabilities in order to create a broader specialist organization.

  Action taken

  Praxis Critical Systems and HIS Consulting were combined to form Praxis High Integrity Systems.

  Aftermath

  The merged organization became the immediate predecessor of Altran Praxis.

  Source

• 1997

  Altran acquires Praxis's critical-systems divisionM&A

  Background

  Praxis had been owned by Deloitte Consulting since 1992, but its critical-systems activities represented a specialist engineering capability aligned with Altran's technology consultancy model.

  Action taken

  Altran acquired the critical-systems division, while Deloitte retained the commercial and industrial systems division.

  Aftermath

  The acquired business continued its specialist work under Praxis-related names and eventually became part of Altran Praxis.

  Source

1. 1Altran Praxisen.wikipedia.org