WNAM-TV and VHF merger
WNAM-TV began telecasting from Neenah on ultra high frequency (UHF) channel 42 on January 26, 1954,[1] after beginning test transmissions in December 1953.[2] Owned by the Neenah-Menasha Broadcasting Company alongside radio station WNAM (1280 AM), WNAM-TV carried programming from ABC beginning in July 1954.[3]
Meanwhile, in April 1952, 17 local businessmen formed the Valley Telecasting Company to apply for channel 6, which had been allocated to Green Bay.[4] Three months later, the Green Bay Newspaper Company, owner of the Green Bay Press-Gazette newspaper and radio station WJPG, switched its application to specify channel 6 instead of channel 2.[5] That switch left the application of WBAY-TV uncontested on channel 2, allowing the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to grant it, and sent channel 6 to a comparative hearing situation.[6] In December 1953, acting on a petition from the Hearst Corporation, the FCC moved the channel 6 allocation to Whitefish Bay, near Milwaukee. Hearst had applied for a Milwaukee TV station but was shut out by the redesignation of channel 10 there for educational use. Moving channel 6 to Whitefish Bay required it to be replaced with channel 5 at Green Bay and channel 5 at Marquette, Michigan, to be changed to channel 6.[7][8]
On March 10, 1954, the Green Bay Newspaper Company withdrew its application for channel 5,[9] and the FCC granted a construction permit to Valley Telecasting Company the next day. By this time, there was an additional VHF station under construction in the region, WMBV-TV on channel 11.[10] Meanwhile, UHF stations were struggling. WOSH-TV of Oshkosh closed down the same month; its owners claimed that national and regional advertisers were content with VHF stations to reach the area and cited the forthcoming advent of channels 5 and 11, which together with WBAY-TV would provide all three major networks.[11] Sensing that the arrival of Valley Telecasting—which had selected the call letters WFRV-TV for its station to represent the "Wonderful Fox River Valley"[12]—would economically harm its UHF station, Neenah-Menasha agreed to merge with Valley Telecasting in November and announced it would suspend operations of WNAM-TV on the evening of January 2, 1955.[13] The combined station would retain some operations at Neenah for program production in the Fox Cities, but it would use the tower and transmitter building of the former WJPG-FM on Scray's Hill, southeast of De Pere
WFRV-TV signed on channel 5 on May 20, 1955, after an appeal lodged by WMBV-TV to block the merger of Valley Telecasting and Neenah-Menasha was declined for the final time; the station aired film programming for its first ten days before beginning affiliations with ABC and DuMont Television Network on June 1.[15] While the transmitter facility was new, WFRV-TV used WNAM-TV's Neenah studios. DuMont ceased network operations four months later.[16] By 1956, Neenah-Menasha owned all of WFRV-TV;[17] that same year, the company announced plans to build a studio base in Green Bay.[18] Master control switched to Green Bay in December when a new tower and transmitter building were activated, and production from the station's present Mason Street studios began in mid-January 1957.[19]
WFRV-TV was the Green Bay station in the short-lived Badger Television Network, which operated in 1958 and also included Milwaukee's WISN-TV and Madison's WKOW-TV.[20] The next year, on February 1, the station changed affiliations from ABC to NBC.[21] Later that year, the station claimed to be the first ever to show coverage of a live lunar eclipse. To capture the event, a studio camera was wheeled out into the station parking lot.[22]
Orion Broadcasting ownership
In December 1960, Valley Telecasting sold WFRV-TV to Valley Broadcasting Company, a subsidiary of WAVE-TV at Louisville, Kentucky, for $1.09 million.[23] WFRV's first attempt at expanding to the Upper Peninsula, a construction permit to build channel 8 at Iron Mountain, Michigan, was scrapped at the company's request days after the sale, as was an application by the company to build a channel 9 station at Wausau.[24]
Channel 5 began to broadcast local programming in color in the fall of 1965, making it the second station (behind WBAY-TV) with that capability in the market.[25] Two years later, the station began its move to build a satellite in the Upper Peninsula when it filed for channel 3 at Escanaba, Michigan, on June 20, 1967.[26] As a result of an attempt by Northern Michigan University to build an educational station on the wider-coverage channel 3 instead of the allocated channel 13, nearly two years passed before a construction permit was granted on April 23, 1969.[27]
Midwest ownership
Orion Broadcasting reached a deal to merge with Cosmos Broadcasting, a subsidiary of the Liberty Corporation, in 1980. The merger would put the combined company over the limit for the number of VHF television stations it could own, prompting it to immediately announce that it would divest WFRV/WJMN.[31] In January 1981, Cosmos found a buyer: Midwest Radio-Television, owners of WCCO radio and television in Minneapolis.[32] The transaction closed in October.[33]
After taking over, Midwest made $1 million in major investments in new equipment, including a news helicopter.[34]
CBS purchase and affiliation switch
On July 23, 1991, CBS announced that it would purchase the entirety of Midwest Communications, Inc. The deal gave the company WCCO radio and television in Minneapolis, but it also gave CBS an ABC affiliate—WFRV/WJMN—in a market smaller than any in which the company was operating.[38] In the immediate aftermath of the $200 million acquisition, the network sent out mixed messages: CBS executive Peter Lund said the company had decided to keep the Green Bay station, yet an affiliate relations official told longtime CBS affiliate WBAY-TV that the network would be interested in remaining there if a buyer were to be found.
The sale dislodged the existing CBS affiliates in the Green Bay and Marquette markets, WBAY-TV and WLUC-TV. The switch in Green Bay took place March 15, 1992—just over a month after CBS closed on the Midwest purchase—with WBAY becoming the ABC outlet.[39] In Marquette, where CBS angered WLUC-TV by notifying it on February 5 that it was terminating the affiliation agreement in July, that station switched to ABC on February 23, prompting WJMN to change to CBS three weeks early (and be fed CBS programs from the control room in Green Bay).[40]
In April 2007, Liberty Media (a media company unrelated to The Liberty Corporation and a spin-off of former cable television company TCI) completed an exchange transaction with CBS Corporation pursuant to which Liberty Media exchanged 7.6 million shares of CBS Class B common stock valued at $239 million for a subsidiary of CBS that held WFRV and WJMN and approximately $170 million in cash[41] As part of the transaction, Liberty Media acquired WFRV and WJMN, becoming the only over-the-air television properties to be owned by the company.[42]
WFRV-TV shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 5, on February 17, 2009, the original target date on which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later pushed back to June 12, 2009).[43] The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 39, using virtual channel 5.
WFRV under Nexstar
On April 7, 2011, Nexstar Broadcasting Group announced it would acquire WFRV and WJMN-TV from Liberty Media for $20 million.[45] The deal was approved by the FCC on June 28, 2011,[46] and closed three days later on July 1, when Nexstar appointed Joseph Denk to become vice president and general manager of both stations.[47] Denk replaced Perry Kidder, a 37-year employee of the station, who announced his retirement shortly after the sale was announced.[48] Nexstar also relaunched the station's website at a new domain, "wearegreenbay.com".[49]
Nexstar also moved to increase the local content of WJMN in the Upper Peninsula. A station that had long merely rebroadcast WFRV-TV's newscasts or maintained a minimal reporting and weather presence in northern Michigan, WJMN launched separate local newscasts at 6 and 11 p.m. on March 13, 2014.[50]
