10 September
A Turkish communist political group and publishing current associated with Komünist Birlik.
Last updated August 25, 2026
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Overview
10 September, known in Turkish as 10 Eylül, was a communist political group and publishing current in Turkey associated with Komünist Birlik, or Communist Unity. It developed out of opposition within the Communist Party of Turkey (TKP) to the party's political and organizational direction, particularly the process that culminated in the formation of the United Communist Party of Turkey (TBKP). The group regarded that process as a departure from the revolutionary and class-oriented legacy of the TKP and presented itself as a continuation of that legacy. The name was closely connected with the group's periodical, 10 Eylül, which began appearing openly in September 1989. The publication served as the principal identifiable vehicle for the current's political arguments, organizational discussion, and criticism of developments in the international communist movement. Its surviving publication record includes issues 1 through 6, published between September 1989 and February 1990, followed by a combined issue numbered 7–8 in April 1990. Another part of the current continued publishing under the name 10 Eylül Yolu Yayıncılık after an internal division. The group's political outlook was Marxist–Leninist and strongly opposed to reformist interpretations of communism. Its writings criticized Mikhail Gorbachev's policies and rejected what the group saw as the liquidation of the communist movement in the Soviet Union. Rather than accepting a transition away from revolutionary politics, it defended the continuation of revolution, class struggle, and an organized political role for the working class. These positions placed 10 September within the factional debates that affected the Turkish communist movement during the late 1980s and early 1990s. In early 1991, the movement divided during an internal debate referred to as Ne Yapmalı?, meaning What Is to Be Done? Following the split, one group continued publishing 10 Eylül for a period, while another pursued publishing activity through 10 Eylül Yolu Yayıncılık. The available reference material does not establish a single formal dissolution date or provide a complete institutional record for either successor current, so the later organizational status of 10 September is best treated as uncertain. Members associated with the first group later took part in meetings held in Gümüldür in June 1996 concerning the re-establishment of the TKP. After those meetings, the current entered the wider political milieu that began publishing Ürün in January 1997. The group's historical importance therefore lies less in a continuing commercial or institutional brand than in its role as a documented expression of opposition within the Turkish communist movement, its preservation of a hard-line Marxist–Leninist position during a period of international communist crisis, and its contribution to subsequent efforts to reorganize the TKP tradition.
History
10 September emerged from disputes within the Turkish communist movement over the future of the Communist Party of Turkey. Its political current was associated with Komünist Birlik and had roots in the ÖNCÜ movement. The central disagreement concerned the ideological and organizational course that led toward the creation of the United Communist Party of Turkey. 10 September's supporters opposed that direction and presented their current as a continuation of the revolutionary political legacy of the TKP. The group became publicly identifiable through the periodical 10 Eylül, whose first issue appeared in September 1989. The magazine was not simply a general-interest publication: it functioned as the principal platform for the current's political positions and internal-organizational arguments. Its surviving archive records issues 1 through 6 between September 1989 and February 1990, followed by a combined issue 7–8 in April 1990. The publication criticized Mikhail Gorbachev's policies and opposed what its contributors regarded as the liquidation of the communist movement in the Soviet Union. In place of reformist or accommodationist approaches, it defended revolution, class struggle, and a Marxist–Leninist orientation for the working class. The current experienced a major internal division in early 1991 during a debate called Ne Yapmalı?, translated as What Is to Be Done? After the split, one faction continued to publish 10 Eylül for a time. Another continued its publishing work under the name 10 Eylül Yolu Yayıncılık. The available account does not provide enough information to determine the precise institutional relationship between the factions, their complete membership, or the date on which the original group formally ceased to exist. The remaining political network continued to intersect with efforts to reorganize the TKP tradition. In June 1996, members of the first group took part in meetings in Gümüldür devoted to the re-establishment of the Communist Party of Turkey. After those meetings, the current became part of the wider political milieu associated with Ürün, a publication that began appearing in January 1997. This later connection suggests continuity of political personnel and debate, but the available material does not establish that 10 September itself remained a formally constituted organization. Historically, 10 September is best understood as a factional communist current and publishing project rather than as a conventional commercial brand. Its record illustrates the divisions within Turkish communism during the late Cold War and the period surrounding the dissolution of the Soviet bloc. The group's defining characteristics were its claim to the TKP tradition, rejection of reformist politics, criticism of Gorbachev-era changes, and insistence on revolutionary Marxist–Leninist politics.
- 1997
Connection with the Ürün milieu
[1]The current became part of the political milieu associated with Ürün, which began publication in January 1997.
- 1996
Gümüldür meetings
[1]Members of the first faction participated in meetings concerning the re-establishment of the TKP.
- 1991
Movement splits over Ne Yapmalı?
[1]An internal debate known as What Is to Be Done? led to a division, with factions continuing under different publishing arrangements.
- 1990
Combined issue 7–8 is published
[1]The surviving archive includes a combined issue numbered 7–8, published in April 1990.
- 1989
First issue of 10 Eylül appears
[1]Komünist Birlik began publishing the 10 Eylül periodical openly in September 1989.
Products and positioning
A Marxist–Leninist communist political and publishing current opposing reformism, the liquidation of revolutionary politics, and the ideological direction associated with the formation of the United Communist Party of Turkey.
Political periodical · 1989
10 Eylül
The principal periodical associated with 10 September and Komünist Birlik. It provided a platform for criticism of reformist communist politics, opposition to Gorbachev's policies, and arguments defending revolution, class struggle, and a Marxist–Leninist orientation. The surviving record covers issues 1–6 from September 1989 through February 1990 and a combined issue 7–8 from April 1990.
Political publishing activity · 1991
10 Eylül Yolu Yayıncılık
A publishing name used by one faction after the movement's internal split in early 1991. The available reference identifies its continuation of publishing activity but does not provide a complete catalogue or later institutional history.
Brand decisions
1996
Participation in efforts to re-establish the TKPStrategyBackground
Members of the first faction took part in Gümüldür meetings focused on re-establishing the Communist Party of Turkey.
Action taken
The associated political current participated in the meetings and subsequently entered a wider milieu connected with Ürün.
Aftermath
The current became associated with the political network that began publishing Ürün in January 1997.
1991
Factional reorganization after the Ne Yapmalı? debateStrategyBackground
An internal debate called Ne Yapmalı?, or What Is to Be Done?, exposed organizational and political differences within the current.
Action taken
The movement divided. One faction continued using the 10 Eylül publishing identity for a period, while another operated through 10 Eylül Yolu Yayıncılık.
Aftermath
The split produced separate publishing and political paths; the available sources do not establish a definitive dissolution date for the original organization.
Recent events
- 1997
Associated current enters the Ürün publishing milieu[1]
Other
Following the 1996 meetings, the current became part of the political milieu connected with the publication of Ürün, which began appearing in January 1997.
- 1996
Members participate in Gümüldür meetings on re-establishing the TKP[1]
Other
Members associated with the first faction participated in meetings in Gümüldür concerning the re-establishment of the Communist Party of Turkey.
- 1991
Internal debate produces a split[1]
Other
The movement divided during an internal debate known as Ne Yapmalı?, or What Is to Be Done?. One faction continued publishing 10 Eylül for a time, while another used the publishing name 10 Eylül Yolu Yayıncılık.
- 1989
10 Eylül periodical begins publication[1]
Other
Komünist Birlik began publishing 10 Eylül openly in September 1989, providing the political current with a periodical platform for its criticism of reformism and its defense of a Marxist–Leninist orientation.
Sources1 sources
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