Royal African Company controversies
Controversies tied to this brand in public sources. A listing is not a finding of fault.
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1680
Company participation in the transatlantic slave trade
The RAC became one of the largest institutional carriers of enslaved Africans to the Americas. Its operations involved violent commodification, forced transport, company branding, and severe mortality during the Middle Passage.
1663
Institutionalization of slave trafficking
The company's revised charter expressly authorized trade in enslaved Africans, formalizing a central part of its business and linking the English state, investors, forts, shipping, and Caribbean plantation markets.