Right to rest and leisure

The right to rest and leisure is the economic, social and cultural right to adequate time away from work and other societal responsibilities. It is linked to the right to work and historical movements for legal limitations on working hours. Today, the right to leisure and rest, including sleep and breaks, is recognised in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and in many regional texts such as the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child.

History

The movement for a recognised right to rest, play and have leisure time. can be traced back to the 19th century and the eight-hour day movement. As early as 1856, stonemasons working at the University of Melbourne in Australia put down their tools until demands for reduced working hours were accepted. The ensuing guarantee of a maximum eight-hour workday is one of the earliest examples of legal protection against too much work, which today we recognise as the right to rest and leisure. The motto of the Australian Stonemasons in 1856 was as follows:[1]

"Eight hours to work, Eight hours to play, Eight hours to sleep, Eight bob a day. A fair day’s work, For a fair day’s pay."

Whilst Australia was one of the earliest countries to enjoy universal working hour limitations (an implied right to leisure), throughout the 20th century many other countries began to pass similar laws limiting the number of hours one can work.

Definition

The modern notion of a right to rest and leisure is recognised in article 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which states:[2]

"Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay."

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights recognises in part III, Article 7:[3]

"Rest, leisure and reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay, as well as remuneration for public holidays."

The Right to Leisure has also been recognised in article 31 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and article 12 of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, both recognising the:[3][4]

"Right of the child to rest and leisure, to engage in play and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the child and to participate freely in cultural life and the arts."

State obligations on the right to rest and leisure

Despite the ambiguous language of article 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, States do have obligations and responsibilities in relation to the right to leisure. The body of texts published by the Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights has established that in relation to all rights, including the right to rest and leisure, States have an obligation to respect, protect and fulfil.

Criticism

The right to rest and leisure, like many economic, social, and cultural rights (ESCR), has often been considered less important or fundamental than civil and political rights. Critiques of economic, social, and cultural rights such as Maurice Cranston and Aryeh Neier, or William Talbott's Which Rights Should be Universal,[8] often argue that ESCR are unnecessary for human dignity, are less fundamental than civil and political rights, are too expensive and impractical, and that some constituencies of humans are undeserving of ESCR.[9]

However, human rights scholars are increasingly embracing the concept of indivisibility and acknowledging that all human rights are fundamental.[10] Defenders of the right to rest and leisure claim that it is of fundamental importance to well-being once basic security has been assured, and that leisure is "not an idle waste of time or mere absence from work, but, rather, necessary for a life of dignity".[11]

The right to rest and leisure is an emerging human right, and debates around its importance and implementability are likely to be ongoing.

See also

• Annual leave
• Critique of work
• Effects of overtime
• Four-day week
• Job strain
• Karoshi
• Labor rights
• Leisure
• Niksen
• Occupational burnout
• Occupational stress
• Overwork
• Paid time off
• Recreation
• Six-hour day