The Jungfrau Railway (,, JB) is a mountain rack railway in the Bernese Alps, Switzerland, connecting Kleine Scheidegg in the Bernese Oberland to the Jungfraujoch, across the Valais border. It is the highest railway in Switzerland and Europe, running 9 km from the station of Kleine Scheidegg (2061 m) to the Jungfraujoch (3454 m), well above the perennial snow line. As a consequence, the railway runs essentially within the Jungfrau Tunnel, built into the neighbouring Eiger and Mönch, to protect the line from snow and extreme weather.
The Jungfrau Railway got its name from the highest of the three high peaks above it: the Jungfrau (4158 m), which was the initial goal of the project. A lift connecting the summit of the Jungfrau with an underground railway was planned.[1] In 1912, the project ultimately ended at the Jungfraujoch, the saddle between the Mönch and Jungfrau. It was one of the highest railways in the world at the time of its inauguration.
At Kleine Scheidegg the Jungfrau Railway connects with the Wengernalpbahn (WAB), which has two routes down the mountain, running respectively to the villages of Lauterbrunnen and Grindelwald. From both villages, branches of the Berner Oberland-Bahn (BOB) connect to the Swiss Federal Railways at Interlaken.[2]
The line is owned by the Jungfraubahn AG, a subsidiary of the Jungfraubahn Holding AG, a holding company that owns several mountain railways, cable railways, hotels, restaurants and travel agencies in the same region. Through that holding company it is part of the Allianz - Jungfrau Top of Europe marketing alliance, which also includes the separately owned Berner Oberland-Bahn and Schynige Platte-Bahn.[3]
About 1 million tourists use the railway each year.[4]
History
- 1860 (approximately) – Many different plans for a mountain railway on the Jungfrau exist, but fail due to financial problems.
- 1894 – The industrialist Adolf Guyer-Zeller receives a concession for a rack railway, which begins from the Kleine Scheidegg railway station of the Wengernalpbahn (WAB), with a long tunnel through the Eiger and Mönch up to the summit of the Jungfrau.
- 1896 – Construction begins. Construction work proceeds briskly.
- 1898 – The Jungfrau Railway opens as far as the Eigergletscher railway station, at the foot of the Eiger.
- 1899 – Six workers are killed in an explosion. There is a four-month strike by workers. Adolf Guyer-Zeller dies in Zürich on 3 April. The section from Eigergletscher station to Rotstock station opens on 2 August.
- 1903 – The section from Rotstock station to Eigerwand station opens on 28 June.
- 1905 – The section from Eigerwand station to Eismeer station opens on 25 July.
- 1908 – There is an explosion at Eigerwand station.
Operations
The Jungfrau Railway has four operational stations, a previous station at Eigerwand having closed in 2016. The base station hub of Kleine Scheidegg is the highest starting point for a railroad in Europe, and the top terminus of Jungfraujoch is the highest railway station in Europe. The initial open-air section culminates just after Eigergletscher station, at around 2,350 metres, which makes the line the second highest open-air railway in Switzerland.[5] The other station is Eismeer, located in the Jungfrau Tunnel, where passengers travelling towards Jungfraujoch can disembark for a short time to observe the neighbouring mountains through windows built into the east face of the Eiger, overlooking the Eismeer (the "sea of ice").
Rolling stock
Since most of the railway is inside a tunnel, it was designed to be powered by electricity from conception. The current rolling stock consists of twin-unit motorcoaches carrying up to 230 people per train which operate at 12.5 km/h on the steepest parts of the ascent. The motors function at two speeds which allows the units to operate at double this speed on the less steep part of the ascent (above Eismeer station).
The motors operate in a regenerative mode which allows the trains to generate electricity during the descent, which is fed back into the power distribution system. Approximately 50% of the energy required for an ascent is recovered during the descent. This generation regulates the descent speed.
Motive power delivered since 1992 (numbers 211–224) no longer has directly-fed three-phase motors but is equipped similarly to a normal single-phase locomotive. This rolling stock can travel at variable speeds, which enabled a reduction in journey time from 52 to 35 min with the timetable starting 11 December 2016.[13] Pre-1992 rolling stock can no longer be used in regular traffic and most of the earlier trains have been scrapped.
Snow clearing equipment is essential on the open section of line between Kleine Scheidegg railway station and Eigergletscher railway station. Originally snow ploughs were used, but more recently snow blowing equipment has been brought into service.
The railway also operates some dedicated freight vehicles to supply the visitor facilities at Jungfraujoch, including a tank to transport additional water.
See also
- List of mountain railways in Switzerland
- Rail transport in Switzerland
- Wetterhorn Elevator, another ambitious project in the region aiming at the Wetterhorn
External links
- Jungfrau Railways website
- Jungfraurailway: Why the highest of Europe didn't end higher 'Tim Travel' on YouTube
- "Alpine Climbing by Railroad" Popular Mechanics, December 1911, pp. 830–831.
References
- Jungfrau Railway: Rocky road to the project of the century^
- Eisenbahnatlas Schweiz Verlag Schweers + Wall GmbH, 2012^
- Companies Jungfraubahnen Management AG, retrieved 2017-05-17^