Early history
Arri was founded in Munich, Germany on 12 September 1917 by August Arnold and Robert Richter as Arnold & Richter Cine Technik. The acronym Arri was derived from the initial two letters of the founders' surnames, Arnold and Richter.[10][11]
In 1924, Arnold and Richter developed their first film camera, the small and portable Kinarri 35.[12] In 1937, Arri introduced the world's first reflex mirror shutter in the Arriflex 35 camera, an invention of longtime engineer Erich Kästner. This technology employs a rotating mirror that allows a continuous motor to operate the camera while providing parallax-free reflex viewing to the operator,[13] and the ability to focus the image by eye through the viewfinder, much like an SLR camera for photography. The reflex design was subsequently used in almost every professional motion picture film camera and is still used in the Arri Alexa Studio digital camera. The first Hollywood film to employ an Arriflex was the 1947 Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall film Dark Passage in 1947. Over the years, more than 17,000 Arriflex 35s were built.[14] The design was recognized with two Scientific and Technical Academy Awards in 1966 and 1982.
Rise and Appeasement under Nazi Rule (1926–1938)
In its early years, ARRI grew steadily: by 1927, the company had 20 employees,[15] and five years later, it had already doubled that number.[16]
When August Arnold and Robert Richter were not using their technology to produce films or segments for the newsreel (Wochenschau), they rented out their equipment to other film producers for a fee. This idea of renting equipment would later lead to the founding of ARRI Rental, now a major branch of ARRI's global business.[17]
In 1928, the company developed the KINARRI 16, the first 16mm camera—a hand-cranked amateur model soon replaced by an improved version with a spring mechanism. In 1934, ARRI released a mobile sound camera, but due to patent issues, it was only used for the production of two films.[18]
From 1927 onward, the company filmed the Reichsparteitage of the NSDAP, and after the party took power in Germany, ARRI ingratiated itself by sending letters presenting the firm as a longtime supporter.
Second World War (1939–1945)
From 1939 onwards, the German military became a major customer for ARRIFLEX cameras, which were used for propaganda purposes. Sales to the film industry were largely restricted. Although ARRI was not classified as an armaments manufacturer, in 1942 production was relocated from Türkenstraße in Munich to Brannenburg, approximately 70 km away.[24]
On 13 July 1944, ARRI's Munich headquarters was completely destroyed in an Allied bombing raid.[25]
During the war, a copy of the ARRIFLEX—called the Cineflex—was developed in the United States, primarily for military applications. After 1945, when ARRI was again able to deliver precision-engineered ARRIFLEX cameras from U.S.-occupied Bavaria, the American copy disappeared from the market.[26]
Following the end of the war, ARRI immediately began rebuilding its headquarters in Munich. The reconstruction took place in several phases and lasted approximately ten years.[27]
1950–1989
In 1952, Arri introduced the Arriflex 16ST, the first professional 16mm camera with a reflex viewing system.[28][11][29][30] In 1965, a self-blimped 16mm camera was released: the Arriflex 16BL.[31] The Arriflex 35BL followed in 1972 as a lightweight, quiet alternative to the rather heavy and cumbersome blimped cameras of the time.[32] Also in 1972, Arri pioneered the development of daylight luminaires with the Arrisonne 2000 W.[33]
1990–2009
The Arriflex 535 camera was released in 1990, followed by the Arriflex 535B and the Arriflex 16SR 3 in 1992. The Arriflex 435 was released in 1994.[36][37]
Arri partnered with Carl Zeiss AG in order to develop and manufacture advanced lenses for the motion picture industry. In 1998, Arri released the Ultra Prime lenses.[38]
Development of the Arrilaser, a postproduction film recorder, began in 1997 and it was released for beta testing in 1998.[39][40]
In 2000, Arri purchased the company Moviecam
2010–present
In 2010, the Arri Alexa camera was released. The camera could compress 1080p footage to ProRes QuickTime formats and allowed direct-to-edit workflows.[49] Later models added to the range included the Alexa Plus, Alexa Studio and Alexa M, which was designed to get the camera closer to the action.[50] The Alexa Plus 4:3, like the Alexa Studio, allowed the full area of the sensor to be used with anamorphic lenses.[51]
The 16mm Arriflex 416 camera and Ultra Prime 16 lenses were used in the filming of the 2010 film Black Swan.[52]
Arri announced a strategic collaboration with Zeiss and Fujinon in 2010 to create new lenses that incorporated enhanced electronic lens data transfer to simplify visual effects workflows in post-production.[53]
